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Drug examination has been implemented for at least 20 years in many companies to detect if company's employees use drugs. The most frequently taken drugs detected by drug screening are cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, amphetamines and others.
There are different types of drug tests administered these days. As a rule, urine, oral fluids, hair samples are gathered and examined in a testing lab. Drug testing can be also done on-site, which spares a lot of company's money and is a lot convenient for employees.
Thus, one of the most usually done on-site drug test is the oral fluids test. It is cheap. The business wastes around $1.00 per test. Besides, it is less embarrassing for employees in comparison to gathering urine samples. Furthermore, oral tests are quick. Therefore, the results are ready in a few minutes. In addition, these drug tests are more difficult to adulterate compared to urine drug tests, because samples are collected under sstrict direct supervision. Though being donor friendly, non-invasive and easy to carry out, oral fluids drug tests tend to detect very recent drug abuse. More than six types of drugs can be determined in this way.
Another way of drug screening is examination of urine specimens. Up to 10 types of drugs can be determined by means of urine drug tests. There are 3 kinds of a urine test: dip form, cassette form and cup form. The employee's urine is collected into a specially designed secure cup and sealed with a tamper-resistant tape. After that the cup is sent by express delivery service to a clinical laboratory where it is checked for the presence or absence of drugs or their metabolized traces.
Hair testing is believed to be accurate and can determine drug use as far back as ninety days. As hair grows out, any drugs taken are encased in the hair shaft. Longer hair can disclose an individual's drug history spanning a longer period of time than shorter hair. Human hair grows out, on average, 0,5 inches a month. In general, clinical laboratories require approximately 0,5 - 1,5 inches for a test. It represents around 30 - 90 days of drug abuse.
Spray drug tests are especially very simple to do. They are very precise and more difficult to adulterate as well. But the range of drugs detected by a spray drug test is limited.
Though many employees and privacy advocates find drug screening a brutal intrusion of privacy and infringement of one's freedoms and rights, drug tests continue to be run by employers, since drug abuse is often the cause for absenteeism, health problems and on-the-job accidents.
